Epigenetic Modifications in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Molecular Scars of Environmental Exposures and Source of Phenotypic Variability

Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized to play a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia other psychiatric disorders with developmental origins. Here, we summarize clinical preclinical findings epigenetic alterations relevant disease models discuss their putative origin. Recent suggest that certain risk loci can influence stochastic variation gene expression through processes, highlighting intricate interaction between genetic control neurodevelopmental trajectories. In addition, substantial portion related may be acquired environmental factors manifested as molecular “scars.” Some these scars brain functions throughout entire lifespan even transmitted across generations via germline inheritance. modifications, whether caused by or factors, plausible sources phenotypic heterogeneity offer target for therapeutic interventions. The further elucidation thus increase our knowledge regarding schizophrenia’s heterogeneous and, long term, advance personalized treatments use biomarker-guided